'The Sun and comets are part of one electrically active circuit that is occupied by many different regions of charge distribution..''After a five year journey, Stardust finally intersected Wild 2's orbit on January 2, 2004, passing through its coma at the metaphorical hair’s breadth distance of 240 kilometers. The
aerogel dust-capture system worked perfectly, scooping up fine bits of rock and trapping them inside for their return journey to Earth on January 15, 2006.
Although the spacecraft traveled more than a billion kilometers over a 7 year time span, the mothership successfully released its payload and the parachutes deployed, cushioning the precious cargo for a soft landing in the Utah desert. The aerogel was delivered to a thrilled team of researchers for analysis. That’s when the surprise and shock began.
Minerals such as anorthite and forsterite were found embedded in the aerogel—compounds that form only at extremely high temperatures—along with olivine. Perplexed scientists wondered how an object that was supposed to be a remnant from the early nebular cloud out of which the Solar System condensed, and that should have been kept in frozen hibernation in a theoretical “Oort cloud” billions of kilometers from the Sun, could exhibit crystalline structures that would require a blast furnace to create.
Stardust mission team leader Donald Brownlee said at the time, “In the coldest part of the solar system we’ve found samples that formed at extremely high temperatures.”
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Electric Universe advocates see things differently. Stars and comets share common characteristics because they are both born of similar parentage. Stars are nodes in vast electrical circuits connected by Birkeland current filaments within galaxies. Planets, moons, asteroids, and comets are electrically charged and exist within a radial electric current that surrounds stars like our own Sun.
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The Sun and comets are part of one electrically active circuit that is occupied by many different regions of charge distribution. The Sun receives its power from the protean electric generator we call the Milky Way. Accordingly, planets and other bodies exist within a flow of charged particles constantly streaming from the Sun. As any first year electrical engineering student knows, a stream of charged particles is an electric current.
- Stephen Smith,
Hot Comets, September 12, 2012
'..when one considers the Electric Star hypothesis, however. Instead of mechanical action (heated gas), the Orion Nebula’s radiant emanations are due to a boost in the current that powers the central stars.''For many years astrophysical theories of stellar and galactic development have been relegated to the processes of mechanical action. Everything we see and all the forces that shape the evolution of the incredible structures we have discovered have been attributed to the collapse of cold gas through gravitational influence. Conventional viewpoints attribute galaxies, stars, planets, comets and stardust itself to the whirling vortices of compressed matter.
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In a 2007
announcement from the European Space Agency (ESA), the XMM-Newton x-ray satellite observatory has revealed the presence of “flowing plasma” at over one million Kelvin in the Orion Nebula. The discovery was a surprise, because the research team never expected to find such “hot gas” there.
Said Manuel Güdel, a member of the research team:
“We didn’t look for it – we actually found this diffuse emission by chance while looking at the many stellar x-ray point sources in the field. As previous researchers have not reported diffuse x-ray emission from such star-forming regions but were rather arguing against its presence, we were indeed surprised to find such prominent emission across large regions of the nebula.” (See, Güdel, Manuel, Briggs, Kevin R., Montmerle, Thierry, Audard, Marc, Rebull, Luisa, and Skinner, Stephen L. “Million-Degree Plasma Pervading the Extended Orion Nebula.” Science, Vol. 319, 18 January 2008).
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..when one considers the Electric Star hypothesis, however. Instead of mechanical action (heated gas), the Orion Nebula’s radiant emanations are due to a boost in the current that powers the central stars. The electrical sheath that is normally invisible receives additional input from the galactic Birkeland currents in which it is immersed and gets pushed into the “glow” discharge state. The increased flux density pulls matter from the star and from the surrounding space into filaments that ignite the nebular gases electrically.
The idea that gas can be heated until it gives off x-rays without any electrical effects, or that a “wind” of ionized particles is not an electric current, or that the only way to accelerate ions is through mechanical shock is frankly ludicrous. It betrays a need to hold on to outmoded ideas despite the evidence of observations.
“Sometimes I think that astronomy is not so much a science as a series of scandals.”
— Halton Arp.
- Stephen Smith,
Electric "Creation", September 12, 2012
'Astronomers have infected physicists with the “hot gas” theory, causing a 50 year failed experiment with nuclear fusion. Squeezing hot gas into a volume small enough for fusion to take place has not worked and we predict that it will never work. The theory of star formation through fusion reactions is untenable so utilizing the theories of plasma behavior might be a more productive path.''The filamentary structure of the “fingers” and the way the filaments spiral away from the central stars indicates Birkeland currents, named after Kristian Birkeland, who first proposed their existence in the late 1800s. These currents form scalable tubes of plasma that can transmit electric power all around the galaxy. Electromagnetic forces sometimes cause them to pinch down to smaller and smaller sizes.
Plasma confined within the center of the pinch is crushed and increases in current density until the so-called “z-pinch” produces a star. Plasma surrounding the star will often glow as an “emission nebula,” but in some conditions of opacity and density the surrounding plasma can be cold, as in the Orion Nebula, revealing its presence only in infrared light.
The correct model for a nebula is a neon lamp that emits light only at the excitation frequency of that specific gas. Electricity passing through the tube causes the neon plasma to glow a pale yellow. Astronomers say a shock wave from a supernova is able to initiate many frequencies of light due to the heating of compressed gas. But, since more than 90% of the light from planetary nebulae is in the frequency range of ionized oxygen, then they should be thought of as oxygen discharge tubes and not as clouds of gas.
Astronomers have infected physicists with the “hot gas” theory, causing a 50 year failed experiment with nuclear fusion. Squeezing hot gas into a volume small enough for fusion to take place has not worked and we predict that it will never work. The theory of star formation through fusion reactions is untenable so utilizing the theories of plasma behavior might be a more productive path.'
- Stephen Smith,
Cold Plasma, September 9, 2012
ContextElectric Universe 2013—Expanding our Scholarship Outreach(The Electric Universe) - '..Is an electron .. a charge carrier in an electrical circuit?'